Though the micro-organisms that cause illness are already in the water, the fish is usually resistant to them until it gets stressed.

Causes of stress in Aquarium fish

Fish are under stress from the time they are born until they find their home in an aquarium. Most new beginners don’t know the techniques to properly handle fish.

The quality of water is another cause of aquarium fish stress. The type of water quality varies from species to species. Different factors, such as pH, hardness of water, nitrite and carbon dioxide levels, and salinity of water affect water quality.

Changes in the environment of the aquarium such as leaches, lice, physical damage, or even introducing new fish that hasn’t been previously quarantined, can upset the delicate balance of the aquarium and create stress.

Change in weather condition is another factor that leads to aquarium fish stress. When there is heavy downfall as you know the weather will become cold and this could lead to stress in aquarium.

An inadequate diet can lead to nutritional deficiencies which can affect the fish’s immune system. The fish’s immune system will quickly be compromised. This will result in a stressed fish.

Warning signs of illness in aquarium fish

You can easily know when your fish are going through stress if you watch them very well and often. Some of the signs of stress you can observe are swimming with clamps up in the fins, hovering in a corner, heavy breathing and rubbing against objects. Any of these warning signs call for immediate action.

How to reduce stress in aquarium

One way to reduce stress is to improve the conditions that cause it. You can try following these guidelines.

Learn all you can about the type of fish that will be living in your aquarium. Learning as much as possible even before buying the fish will help you maintain happy, healthy fish. So, don’t hesitate to ask questions before you buy your fish.

Also, make sure you find out what your fish needs to eat to ensure you offer the best nutritional value. Feeding your fish the right type of food can help your fish be healthy.

Make sure your aquatic environment is always clean

And if you are going to add new fish, don’t put it in the tank until the new fish has been quarantined to cut down possibilities of a possible spreading of illness.

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The basic principle of the nitrogen cycle is this. Fish consume food and create waste. The excess food, plant debris and fish waste come together to produce ammonia. Ammonia is toxic to fish and needs to be broken down. That’s why the nitrifying bacteria is important. The bacteria converts the ammonia into nitrites which are much easier for the fish to tolerate. Other types of bacteria even turn the nitrites into nitrates which are easier for the fish to live with. The filter traps the nitrates. Regular water changes are required to remove the nitrates from the water.

You should prepare and run your aquarium before you add any fish to it. Clean the tank and the substrate with water. Don’t use any soap. Fill the tank with water that has been treated for chlorine and add filters and lights. Cycle the water until it is clear and until the right Ph and temperature are finally reached.

At this point you can buy the fish. Buy hardy fish such as danios, barb, gouramis, and live bearers. They are strong enough to sustain the higher nitrite levels in the aquarium. You should add no more than four fish at one time. Float the fish in the bag in the aquarium for about fifteen minutes before adding them to the tank. It will help get the fish used to the different water temperature. When adding the fish, be careful not to allow the water from the bag into the aquarium. It may be contaminated, or will at the very least, throw off the temperature and P.H. Give the fish a few hours to become used to its new home before you offer any food.

All the food should be eaten in about five minutes. Overfeeding is a common problem in an aquarium. Overfeeding will lead to unconsumed food which will turn into ammonia. This is extremely important in a new aquarium, since it doesn’t contain any nitrifying bacteria. Check the water Ph every day for at least one month. If the water becomes cloudy, you might need to add a clarifier. Monitor the fish on a regular basis and look for signs of illness or stress. A healthy fish will be swimming regularly. Lethargic fish will usually hover near the surface of the aquarium. Change about one tenth of the water after the first week and then begin with regular maintenance.

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Salt water fish are harder to take care of and more expensive. Temperature, water conditioning and the salinity of water are only some of the things you will have to worry about with salt water fish. Fresh water fish are much easier to care for.

Here’s a few other things to keep in mind when buying an aquarium:

Where is the aquarium going to be? When you’re deciding on a location for your aquarium, remember that it can’t be placed in direct sunlight, or anywhere else that could result in changes in temperature.

And don’t forget that once you fill it with water, the aquarium is going to be heavy. As an example, a filled 20-gallon glass tank will weight about 225 pounds. Find the right location before the aquarium is filled or it will be impossible to move it afterwards.

Choose a floor that’s leveled.

Choose a floor that’s leveled to minimize stress to the tank and avoid cracks that can form over time from the pressure.

Electrical outlet

Keep your tank near an outlet to have easy access to electricity for your lighting, heaters and pumps.

Accessibility

Keep your tank where you can access it easily to work temperature controls and air valves. You should also be able to have enough space for a net and to move decorations.

What shape should you select?

When you’re choosing the shape of your aquarium choose short, longer shapes over tall, thinner shapes. This way there will be more surface area at the top of the water, which is much better for your fish.

What size of aquarium should you choose?

It is a good idea to choose anything over ten gallons. Mostly because a larger tank makes it easier to work maintenance. No matter what type of aquarium you choose, waste will build up in it with time. A large tank can dispense these materials much more easily. The water will be clean for longer and it will require less maintenance.

What is the best material for the aquarium?

Glass or acrylic are usually the materials used to manufacture aquariums. Either material will work find, however, it is recommended that beginners use glass. This is for several reasons – glass doesn’t scratch as easily, it only needs edge support and it costs less.

As you can see, you need to put some time and consideration into where you choose to place your aquarium. All these things will play a part in which aquarium you choose to buy.

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Even fish that have been housed together for several months have been known to disappear on occasion.

Remove unnecessary items from the tank. This will minimize the possibilities of stress.

Only change about one third of the water at a time. This will need to be done every two to three weeks. Use either a bucket or a siphon to remove the water from the tank. Also remove any debris you see. When adding the new water to the aquarium, be sure that it is within approximately two degrees of the tank water. Clean the sides of the tank to remove any algae buildup. Again be careful not to disturb the fish. Wash your hands before you clean the aquarium and after you are finished. And make sure you change filters regularly. Filters collect any fish waste or left over food. But they won’t do their job if they are not clean.

Only bring strong fish to a new tank. Not all fish are hardy enough to sustain the higher nitrate levels found in new aquariums. Choose fish such as danios, barbs, gouramis, and live bearers. Don’t add more than three to four small fish per week. Acclimation times vary per species, so check with your retailer before adding any other new fish.

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